See thrash on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrash about"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrashel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrasher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrash out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unthrashed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thrasshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thrasshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þerscan"
},
"expansion": "Old English þerscan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þreskaną",
"t": "to thresh; to tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to rub, turn; to drill, pierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dorsen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de,lb",
"2": "dreschen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דרעשן",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tærske",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Danish tærske (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "treskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Faroese treskja (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þreskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "treska"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk treska",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tröska",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tröska (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rehkiä",
"t": "to drudge; to toil"
},
"expansion": "Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "taradr",
"t": "auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill"
},
"expansion": "Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "terō",
"t": "to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend"
},
"expansion": "Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τρίβω",
"t": "to grate; to rub"
},
"expansion": "Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tjerr",
"t": "to spin"
},
"expansion": "Albanian tjerr (“to spin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "це́рці",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "три́я",
"t": "to rub; to chafe; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "třít",
"t": "to rub; to spawn"
},
"expansion": "Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tarć"
},
"expansion": "Polish tarć",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тере́ть",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тр̏ти"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "trieť",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Slovak trieť (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "treti",
"t": "to crack open; to rub"
},
"expansion": "Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "те́рти",
"t": "to rub; to scrub"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "թուր",
"t": "sword"
},
"expansion": "Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܕܣܦܪܛܪ",
"t": "hand towel",
"tr": "dsprtr"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋻𒌑𒍣",
"t": "to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner",
"tr": "tar-ú-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto,txb",
"2": "tärk-",
"t": "to allow, let; to let go"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्कु",
"t": "spindle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thrasshen, thresche, threschen, threschyn, threshen, thresshen, tressyn, þreisshe, þresshe, (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þerscan, þrexan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”).\nCognates\nCognate with Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”), German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”), Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”), Danish tærske (“to thresh”), Faroese treskja (“to thresh”), Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”), Norwegian Nynorsk treska, treske, treskja, treskje (“to thrash”), Swedish tröska (“to thresh”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”), Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”); also Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”), Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”), Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”), Albanian tjerr (“to spin”), Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”), Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”), Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”), Polish tarć, treć, trzeć, trzyć (“to rub; to shred; to cut; to chafe; to crush; to spawn”), Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”), Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти, tȑti (“to rub; to cause friction; to scour; to break, crush”), Slovak trieť (“to rub”), Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”), Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”), Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”), Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”), Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thrashes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thrashing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thrashed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thrashed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thrash (third-person singular simple present thrashes, present participle thrashing, simple past and past participle thrashed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
109
]
],
"ref": "1979 November 30, Roger Waters, “The Happiest Days of Our Lives”, in The Wall, performed by Pink Floyd:",
"text": "But in the town it was well known, when they got home at night, their fat and psychopathic wives would thrash them within inches of their lives.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
142
]
],
"ref": "2023 February 22, Howard Johnston, “Southern '313s': is the end now in sight?”, in RAIL, number 977, page 42:",
"text": "The rural Midland & Great Northern backwaters from Norfolk to Leicester closed in February 1959 before they could be used there, and thrashing them on the GN main line instead resulted in a memorably poor ride and rattling windows, caused by vibration from their engines and suspect suspension.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat mercilessly."
],
"id": "en-thrash-en-verb-CuwUcLJd",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "Ta Rrash"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "naperdašvam",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "напердашвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "prebivam",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "пребивам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "tæske"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "afranselen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "draŝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "peksma"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "pieksää"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "passer à tabac"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "rosser"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "schlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "dreschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "zusammenschlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "eindreschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "greasáil"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "gread"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "liúr"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "infierire"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "sferzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "percuotere"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "bastonare"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "picchiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "dêgraîssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "molotítʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "молоти́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kolotítʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "колоти́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lupítʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лупи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolbitʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "долбить"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "buail"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "mlatiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "mlátiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "tĺcť"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "vapulear"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "zurrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "bejuquear"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "dar una paliza"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "spöa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "spöa upp"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "ge stryk"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "klå"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lupcjuváty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лупцюва́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "motlošýty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мотлоши́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "čuxráty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чухра́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dubásyty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дуба́сити"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lupýty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лупи́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hamsélyty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гамсе́лити"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "holómšyty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "голо́мшити"
}
]
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 23 2 2 15 2 21 3 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 27 1 1 13 2 18 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 29 2 2 14 2 16 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 28 2 2 14 2 19 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 23 2 2 14 5 16 3 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 28 2 2 13 2 19 3 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 29 2 2 14 2 16 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 22 2 2 16 3 18 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 2 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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42,
50
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],
"ref": "2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3 - 1 Newcastle”, in BBC:",
"text": "Pardew made five changes to the side that thrashed West Ham 5-0 on Wednesday - with players such as James Perch and Alan Smith given the chance to underline their case for a regular starting berth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defeat utterly."
],
"id": "en-thrash-en-verb-vIi7DCzA",
"links": [
[
"defeat",
"defeat"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "rökittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "écraser"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "battre à plate couture"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "humilier"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "défoncer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "éclater"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "besiegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "zerstören"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "vernichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "annientare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "sconfiggere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "travolgere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "rosser"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razgromítʹ",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разгроми́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razbítʹ",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "rozdrviť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "spöa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "klå"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "roztroščýty",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "розтрощи́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 87 1 5 2 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "rozhromýty",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "розгроми́ти"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To thresh."
],
"id": "en-thrash-en-verb-Rx7OsrVM",
"links": [
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 8 27 1 1 11 2 17 7 25",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
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"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 25 2 2 14 3 16 4 25",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 27 3 3 14 3 16 3 23",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 23 2 2 15 2 21 3 25",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
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"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 27 1 1 13 2 18 3 26",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 29 2 2 14 2 16 3 24",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 28 2 2 14 2 19 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 23 2 2 14 5 16 3 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 28 2 2 13 2 19 3 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 29 2 2 14 2 16 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 22 2 2 16 3 18 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 2 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 14 8 8 10 10 13 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "en:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
33
]
],
"ref": "c. 1690, Juvenal, “The Tenth Satire of Juvenal”, in John Dryden, transl., John Dryden: The Major Works, Oxford University Press, published 1987, page 364:",
"text": "I rather would be Maevius, thrash for rhymes, / Like his, the scorn and scandal of the times.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
139
]
],
"ref": "2023, Britney Spears, The Woman in Me, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:",
"text": "As performers, we girls have our hair. That's the real thing guys want to see. They love to see the long hair move. They want you to thrash it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move about wildly or violently; to flail; to labour."
],
"id": "en-thrash-en-verb-W5sYRcbH",
"links": [
[
"flail",
"flail"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 1 80 2 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to move about wildly or violently",
"word": "mover-se para um e outro lado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 1 80 2 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to move about wildly or violently",
"word": "agitar-se"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Software",
"orig": "en:Software",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To extensively test a software system, giving a program various inputs and observing the behavior and outputs that result."
],
"id": "en-thrash-en-verb-r0pEx6WH",
"links": [
[
"software",
"software"
],
[
"test",
"test"
],
[
"software",
"software"
],
[
"system",
"system"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(software) To extensively test a software system, giving a program various inputs and observing the behavior and outputs that result."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences",
"software"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 1 83 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "software: to extensively test a software system",
"word": "koeajaa perin pohjin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 1 83 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "software: to extensively test a software system",
"word": "testata perin pohjin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 1 83 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "molotítʹ",
"sense": "software: to extensively test a software system",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "молоти́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 27 1 1 11 2 17 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 22 2 2 14 3 19 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 28 1 1 14 2 20 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 25 2 2 14 3 16 4 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 27 3 3 14 3 16 3 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 23 2 2 15 2 21 3 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 27 1 1 13 2 18 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 29 2 2 14 2 16 3 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 28 2 2 14 2 19 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 23 2 2 14 5 16 3 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 28 2 2 13 2 19 3 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 29 2 2 14 2 16 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 22 2 2 16 3 18 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 2 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 24 2 2 15 3 17 3 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 14 8 8 10 10 13 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "en:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In computer architecture, to cause or undergo poor performance of a virtual memory (or paging) system."
],
"id": "en-thrash-en-verb-wV2oLQBb",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"computer",
"computer"
],
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"performance",
"performance"
],
[
"virtual memory",
"virtual memory"
],
[
"paging",
"paging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) In computer architecture, to cause or undergo poor performance of a virtual memory (or paging) system."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 0 10 9 77",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "computing: to cause poor performance of a virtual memory",
"word": "ruuhkautua"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɹæʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thrash.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æʃ"
}
],
"word": "thrash"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "neo-thrash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "post-thrash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrashcore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrashgrass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thrashy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thrasshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thrasshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þerscan"
},
"expansion": "Old English þerscan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þreskaną",
"t": "to thresh; to tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to rub, turn; to drill, pierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dorsen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de,lb",
"2": "dreschen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דרעשן",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tærske",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Danish tærske (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "treskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Faroese treskja (“to thresh”)",
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},
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},
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},
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},
{
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"1": "got",
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},
{
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},
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
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"t": "to grate; to rub"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
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"t": "to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "три́я",
"t": "to rub; to chafe; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "třít",
"t": "to rub; to spawn"
},
"expansion": "Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tarć"
},
"expansion": "Polish tarć",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тере́ть",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to grind"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
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"1": "sh",
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},
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},
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"args": {
"1": "sk",
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"t": "to rub"
},
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},
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"1": "sl",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "те́рти",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "թուր",
"t": "sword"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܕܣܦܪܛܪ",
"t": "hand towel",
"tr": "dsprtr"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋻𒌑𒍣",
"t": "to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner",
"tr": "tar-ú-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto,txb",
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"t": "to allow, let; to let go"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्कु",
"t": "spindle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thrasshen, thresche, threschen, threschyn, threshen, thresshen, tressyn, þreisshe, þresshe, (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þerscan, þrexan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”).\nCognates\nCognate with Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”), German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”), Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”), Danish tærske (“to thresh”), Faroese treskja (“to thresh”), Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”), Norwegian Nynorsk treska, treske, treskja, treskje (“to thrash”), Swedish tröska (“to thresh”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”), Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”); also Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”), Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”), Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”), Albanian tjerr (“to spin”), Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”), Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”), Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”), Polish tarć, treć, trzeć, trzyć (“to rub; to shred; to cut; to chafe; to crush; to spawn”), Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”), Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти, tȑti (“to rub; to cause friction; to scour; to break, crush”), Slovak trieť (“to rub”), Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”), Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”), Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”), Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”), Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”).",
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},
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"ref": "2006, Sam Elkington, Ian Jones, Lesley Lawrence, Serious Leisure: Extensions and Applications:",
"text": "'Forty bashers' are those whose aim in life is to travel behind a Class Forty diesel electric, and their communal exuberance is often expressed in controlled arm movements out of the carriage windows (known as 'windmilling') usually in the course of a 'hellfire thrash' (when the locomotive is producing a characteristic sound at high speed and probably throwing out characteristic clag).",
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"ref": "2022 October 27, Francis Bourgeois, The Trainspotter's Notebook: The unmissable book from TikTok's trainspotting sensation, Random House, →ISBN:",
"text": "For the first time ever I will get to ride behind a class 37, a growler, nickname coined simply from the sound it makes, the epitome of thrash.",
"type": "quotation"
}
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{
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}
],
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[
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},
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æʃ",
"Rhymes:English/æʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "thrash about"
},
{
"word": "thrashel"
},
{
"word": "thrasher"
},
{
"word": "thrash out"
},
{
"word": "unthrashed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thrasshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thrasshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þerscan"
},
"expansion": "Old English þerscan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þreskaną",
"t": "to thresh; to tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to rub, turn; to drill, pierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dorsen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de,lb",
"2": "dreschen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דרעשן",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tærske",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Danish tærske (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "treskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Faroese treskja (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þreskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "treska"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk treska",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tröska",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tröska (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rehkiä",
"t": "to drudge; to toil"
},
"expansion": "Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "taradr",
"t": "auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill"
},
"expansion": "Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "terō",
"t": "to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend"
},
"expansion": "Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τρίβω",
"t": "to grate; to rub"
},
"expansion": "Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tjerr",
"t": "to spin"
},
"expansion": "Albanian tjerr (“to spin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "це́рці",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "три́я",
"t": "to rub; to chafe; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "třít",
"t": "to rub; to spawn"
},
"expansion": "Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tarć"
},
"expansion": "Polish tarć",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тере́ть",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тр̏ти"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "trieť",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Slovak trieť (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "treti",
"t": "to crack open; to rub"
},
"expansion": "Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "те́рти",
"t": "to rub; to scrub"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "թուր",
"t": "sword"
},
"expansion": "Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܕܣܦܪܛܪ",
"t": "hand towel",
"tr": "dsprtr"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋻𒌑𒍣",
"t": "to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner",
"tr": "tar-ú-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto,txb",
"2": "tärk-",
"t": "to allow, let; to let go"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्कु",
"t": "spindle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thrasshen, thresche, threschen, threschyn, threshen, thresshen, tressyn, þreisshe, þresshe, (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þerscan, þrexan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”).\nCognates\nCognate with Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”), German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”), Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”), Danish tærske (“to thresh”), Faroese treskja (“to thresh”), Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”), Norwegian Nynorsk treska, treske, treskja, treskje (“to thrash”), Swedish tröska (“to thresh”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”), Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”); also Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”), Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”), Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”), Albanian tjerr (“to spin”), Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”), Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”), Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”), Polish tarć, treć, trzeć, trzyć (“to rub; to shred; to cut; to chafe; to crush; to spawn”), Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”), Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти, tȑti (“to rub; to cause friction; to scour; to break, crush”), Slovak trieť (“to rub”), Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”), Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”), Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”), Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”), Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thrashes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thrashing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thrashed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thrashed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thrash (third-person singular simple present thrashes, present participle thrashing, simple past and past participle thrashed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
109
]
],
"ref": "1979 November 30, Roger Waters, “The Happiest Days of Our Lives”, in The Wall, performed by Pink Floyd:",
"text": "But in the town it was well known, when they got home at night, their fat and psychopathic wives would thrash them within inches of their lives.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
142
]
],
"ref": "2023 February 22, Howard Johnston, “Southern '313s': is the end now in sight?”, in RAIL, number 977, page 42:",
"text": "The rural Midland & Great Northern backwaters from Norfolk to Leicester closed in February 1959 before they could be used there, and thrashing them on the GN main line instead resulted in a memorably poor ride and rattling windows, caused by vibration from their engines and suspect suspension.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat mercilessly."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
50
]
],
"ref": "2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3 - 1 Newcastle”, in BBC:",
"text": "Pardew made five changes to the side that thrashed West Ham 5-0 on Wednesday - with players such as James Perch and Alan Smith given the chance to underline their case for a regular starting berth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defeat utterly."
],
"links": [
[
"defeat",
"defeat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To thresh."
],
"links": [
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
33
]
],
"ref": "c. 1690, Juvenal, “The Tenth Satire of Juvenal”, in John Dryden, transl., John Dryden: The Major Works, Oxford University Press, published 1987, page 364:",
"text": "I rather would be Maevius, thrash for rhymes, / Like his, the scorn and scandal of the times.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
139
]
],
"ref": "2023, Britney Spears, The Woman in Me, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:",
"text": "As performers, we girls have our hair. That's the real thing guys want to see. They love to see the long hair move. They want you to thrash it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move about wildly or violently; to flail; to labour."
],
"links": [
[
"flail",
"flail"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Software"
],
"glosses": [
"To extensively test a software system, giving a program various inputs and observing the behavior and outputs that result."
],
"links": [
[
"software",
"software"
],
[
"test",
"test"
],
[
"software",
"software"
],
[
"system",
"system"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(software) To extensively test a software system, giving a program various inputs and observing the behavior and outputs that result."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences",
"software"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"In computer architecture, to cause or undergo poor performance of a virtual memory (or paging) system."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"computer",
"computer"
],
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"performance",
"performance"
],
[
"virtual memory",
"virtual memory"
],
[
"paging",
"paging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) In computer architecture, to cause or undergo poor performance of a virtual memory (or paging) system."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɹæʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thrash.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "Ta Rrash"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "naperdašvam",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "напердашвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "prebivam",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "пребивам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "tæske"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "afranselen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "draŝi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "peksma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "pieksää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "passer à tabac"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "rosser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "schlagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "dreschen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "zusammenschlagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "eindreschen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "greasáil"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "gread"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "liúr"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "infierire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "sferzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "percuotere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "bastonare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "picchiare"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "dêgraîssi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "molotítʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "молоти́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kolotítʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "колоти́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lupítʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лупи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolbitʹ",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "долбить"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "buail"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "mlatiti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "mlátiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "tĺcť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "vapulear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "zurrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "bejuquear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "dar una paliza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "spöa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "spöa upp"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "ge stryk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"word": "klå"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lupcjuváty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лупцюва́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "motlošýty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мотлоши́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "čuxráty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чухра́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dubásyty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дуба́сити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "lupýty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лупи́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hamsélyty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гамсе́лити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "holómšyty",
"sense": "to beat mercilessly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "голо́мшити"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "rökittää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "écraser"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "battre à plate couture"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "humilier"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "défoncer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "éclater"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "besiegen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "zerstören"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "vernichten"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "annientare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "sconfiggere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "travolgere"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "rosser"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razgromítʹ",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разгроми́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razbítʹ",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разби́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "rozdrviť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "spöa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"word": "klå"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "roztroščýty",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "розтрощи́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "rozhromýty",
"sense": "to defeat utterly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "розгроми́ти"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to move about wildly or violently",
"word": "mover-se para um e outro lado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to move about wildly or violently",
"word": "agitar-se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "software: to extensively test a software system",
"word": "koeajaa perin pohjin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "software: to extensively test a software system",
"word": "testata perin pohjin"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "molotítʹ",
"sense": "software: to extensively test a software system",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "молоти́ть"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "computing: to cause poor performance of a virtual memory",
"word": "ruuhkautua"
}
],
"word": "thrash"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æʃ",
"Rhymes:English/æʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "neo-thrash"
},
{
"word": "post-thrash"
},
{
"word": "thrashcore"
},
{
"word": "thrashgrass"
},
{
"word": "thrashy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thrasshen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thrasshen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þerscan"
},
"expansion": "Old English þerscan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þreskaną",
"t": "to thresh; to tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₁-",
"t": "to rub, turn; to drill, pierce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dorsen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de,lb",
"2": "dreschen",
"t": "to thresh; to thrash"
},
"expansion": "German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דרעשן",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tærske",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Danish tærske (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "treskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Faroese treskja (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þreskja",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "treska"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk treska",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tröska",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tröska (“to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to thresh"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rehkiä",
"t": "to drudge; to toil"
},
"expansion": "Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "taradr",
"t": "auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill"
},
"expansion": "Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "terō",
"t": "to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend"
},
"expansion": "Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τρίβω",
"t": "to grate; to rub"
},
"expansion": "Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tjerr",
"t": "to spin"
},
"expansion": "Albanian tjerr (“to spin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "це́рці",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "три́я",
"t": "to rub; to chafe; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "třít",
"t": "to rub; to spawn"
},
"expansion": "Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tarć"
},
"expansion": "Polish tarć",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тере́ть",
"t": "to rub; to polish; to grind"
},
"expansion": "Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тр̏ти"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "trieť",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Slovak trieť (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "treti",
"t": "to crack open; to rub"
},
"expansion": "Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "те́рти",
"t": "to rub; to scrub"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "թուր",
"t": "sword"
},
"expansion": "Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܕܣܦܪܛܪ",
"t": "hand towel",
"tr": "dsprtr"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋻𒌑𒍣",
"t": "to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner",
"tr": "tar-ú-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto,txb",
"2": "tärk-",
"t": "to allow, let; to let go"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्कु",
"t": "spindle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thrasshen, thresche, threschen, threschyn, threshen, thresshen, tressyn, þreisshe, þresshe, (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þerscan, þrexan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną (“to thresh; to tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”).\nCognates\nCognate with Dutch dorsen (“to thresh; to thrash”), German and Luxembourgish dreschen (“to thresh; to thrash”), Yiddish דרעשן (dreshn, “to thresh”), Danish tærske (“to thresh”), Faroese treskja (“to thresh”), Icelandic þreskja (“to thresh”), Norwegian Nynorsk treska, treske, treskja, treskje (“to thrash”), Swedish tröska (“to thresh”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan, “to thresh”), Finnish rehkiä (“to drudge; to toil”); also Welsh taradr (“auger, wimble; awl, borer; drill”), Latin terō (“to rub or triturate; to wear away or wear out, consume; to tread; to press with a mill; to pass, spend”), Greek τρίβω (trívo, “to grate; to rub”), Albanian tjerr (“to spin”), Belarusian це́рці (cjérci, “to rub; to polish; to pinch; to grind”), Bulgarian три́я (tríja, “to rub; to chafe; to grind”), Czech třít (“to rub; to spawn”), Polish tarć, treć, trzeć, trzyć (“to rub; to shred; to cut; to chafe; to crush; to spawn”), Russian тере́ть (terétʹ, “to rub; to polish; to grind”), Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти, tȑti (“to rub; to cause friction; to scour; to break, crush”), Slovak trieť (“to rub”), Slovene treti (“to crack open; to rub”), Ukrainian те́рти (térty, “to rub; to scrub”), Armenian թուր (tʻur, “sword”), Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (dsprtr, “hand towel”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to perform a round dance, to dance in twisting manner”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B tärk- (“to allow, let; to let go”), Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thrashes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "thrash (countable and uncountable, plural thrashes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
308,
314
]
],
"ref": "1918, Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams:",
"text": "Even among friends at the dinner-table he talked as though he were denouncing them, or someone else, on a platform; he measured his phrases, built his sentences, cumulated his effects, and pounded his opponents, real or imagined. His humor was glow, like iron at dull heat; his blow was elementary, like the thrash of a whale.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
120
]
],
"ref": "1934 May, Robert E. Howard, “Queen of the Black Coast”, in Weird Tales:",
"text": "As he reeled on wide-braced legs, sobbing for breath, the jungle and the moon swimming bloodily to his sight, the thrash of bat-wings was loud in his ears.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
164,
172
]
],
"ref": "2016, Clark Nida, The Titan Kiss:",
"text": "Spinning full-circle, the aircraft careered out of control. It bounced twice on the waves, each time managing to free itself from the engulfing spray with vigorous thrashes of its one good wing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A beat or blow; the sound of beating."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A beat or blow; the sound of beating."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
63
]
],
"ref": "1998, The Railway Magazine:",
"text": "The private CHENGDE STEELWORKS Class SY / JS 2-8-2 total thrash, some double-heading/double-banking, then to YEBAISHOU where Class QJ 2-10-2 operate freight & some passenger China Rail services",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
262,
268
]
],
"ref": "2006, Sam Elkington, Ian Jones, Lesley Lawrence, Serious Leisure: Extensions and Applications:",
"text": "'Forty bashers' are those whose aim in life is to travel behind a Class Forty diesel electric, and their communal exuberance is often expressed in controlled arm movements out of the carriage windows (known as 'windmilling') usually in the course of a 'hellfire thrash' (when the locomotive is producing a characteristic sound at high speed and probably throwing out characteristic clag).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
136,
142
]
],
"ref": "2022 October 27, Francis Bourgeois, The Trainspotter's Notebook: The unmissable book from TikTok's trainspotting sensation, Random House, →ISBN:",
"text": "For the first time ever I will get to ride behind a class 37, a growler, nickname coined simply from the sound it makes, the epitome of thrash.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The roar and smoke of a particularly powerful diesel engine."
],
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"diesel",
"diesel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport, uncountable) The roar and smoke of a particularly powerful diesel engine."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thrash metal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Musical genres"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of thrash metal."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"thrash metal",
"thrash metal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, uncountable) Ellipsis of thrash metal."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Software Projects, Jet Set Willy (video game's printed instructions)",
"text": "His housekeeper Maria, however, takes a very dim view of all his revellry, and finally after a particularly boisterous thrash she puts her foot down. When the last of the louts disappears down the drive in his Aston Martin, all Willy can think about is crashing out in his four-poster. But Maria won't let him into his room until ALL the discarded glasses and bottles have been cleared away."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wild party."
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, countable) A wild party."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɹæʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thrash.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thrash.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æʃ"
}
],
"word": "thrash"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "thresh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "thrash",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"rush"
],
"links": [
[
"rush",
"rush"
]
]
}
],
"word": "thrash"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thrash meaning in All languages combined (36.1kB)
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"path": [
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],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "thrash",
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}
{
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"title": "thrash",
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.